Utilitarianism is a contrast to classic approaches to ethics Essay Example

Utilitarianism is a contrast to classic approaches to ethics Essay Utilitarianism is a contrast to classic approaches to ethics. One of the main features or indeed the basis of Utilitarianism is the Greatest happiness for the greatest number theory which posses a secular oUtlook to ethics. Utilitarianism is the doctrine according to which actions are made right or wrong so far as they promote happiness, wrong in so far as they promote the reverse. The form of this definition conceals the fact that Utilitarianism is often called the consequentalist doctrine. One main feature of Utilitarianism is that according to Utilitarianism actions are not themselves intrinsically right or wrong; they are right or wrong in so far as they have good or bad oUtcomes.The version of Utilitarianism which holds the greatest happiness for the greatest number theory was popularised by Jeremy Benthem and his disciple John Mill and from them we have the Greatest happiness principle. This derived from a 19th Century philosopher, Jeremy Benthem (1748-1831) who was the founde r of Utilitarianism; Utilitarianism began life as an ethical principle under Jeremy Bentham who theorised that an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In its original form the argument had many flaws, so John Stuart Mill decided to defend the principle of Utility against its critics by refining its ideas making them more practical in society.Classic approaches to ethics stress good intentions as essential to morality. For example, tell the trUth because it is morally good to tell the truth, even if it hurts. Classic approaches to ethics often stress the intrinsic value of morality. Unlike classic approaches Utilitarianism does not distribute happiness or goodness in an equalariean manner. Utilitarianism is not about having ideals; it is an aprori approach to morality, a basis that experience counts for everything. One might call it a moral theory of usefulness in terms of the greater good, not in terms of ones selfish desires.Jeremy Ben thams theory of Utilitarianism was based on observation, that the definite good in terms of pleasure and established that two things are intrinsically good, namely pleasure itself and freedom from pain. His logical progression deduced that we ought to increase what is good by increasing what brings us pleasure or freedom from pain. Thus the Principle of Utility was created- act in such a way as to bring about the greatest happiness of the greatest number working to increase the total sum of pleasure. Mill felt that he could strengthen the argument for Utilitarianism by clarifying its points. In his famous argument he simplifies the term happiness and pleasure used by Bentham, as one major criticism is that the word pleasure does not have the same meaning as the word good.Utilitarianism as an ethical theory possesses a main feature whereby it is concerned with the wants and needs of society. One of the appeals of Utilitarianism lies in its practical value, that it can be applied quic kly to any moral dilemma. This is done in a mathematical form, by computing pleasure in the Hedonic Calculus. This is Benthams way of deciding on the correct or most appropriate course of action by analysing the pleasure that arises from it and comparing it with alternatives. He identified seven factors involved in this process, Intensity, Duration, Certainty, Propinquity, Purity, Fecundity and Extent, which help us weigh and assess the quantity of happiness.However there arise problem, hence, provoking criticisms which I will look at in the second question. One of the problems with the Hedonic Calculus was that it judged the quantity of happiness i.e. the number of people but not the quality of the happiness therefore problems arise in assessing its value. Different pleasures bring different amounts of happiness to different people but in Benthamà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s theory all pleasures are equal. This received much criticism from Victorian society as like Epicurius he commanded all to en joy swinish pleasures, which were frowned upon by the educated classes at this time.Mill attempted to tackle this pitfall by acknowledging that there were higher and lower pleasures. His proof was based on human experience and proposed that no one who has experienced a higher pleasure would sacrifice that knowledge for an experience, however intense, of a lower pleasure. This is illustrated perfectly in the play Educating Rita by Willie ..Where a working class woman experiences the higher pleasures of literature and feels as if she no longer belongs in a pub experiencing lower pleasures. It is therefore possible to verify which pleasures actually do rate higher than others by the experience of those who have known both. Mills version is deals more adequately with what we regard as valuable about human life i.e. there are better and worse ways of being human. As higher pleasures also include that of moral feeling and well being, for example the joy of a quiet conscience felt by helpi ng others they receive special weighting.They have a higher value than they enjoyed previously under Bentham where they were merely a possibility amongst others so Mill has tackled the criticism that morality is not taken seriously enough. Mill has acknowledged the complexity of the concepts of happiness and pleasure. This system appealed to the reforming element of society who pushed for education reforms so that more could experience higher pleasures and have a better quality of life. Mills theory encounters some problems of its own as this separation of the pleasures into two categories makes the hedonic calculus impossible to execute, as instead of one scale there are now two.How can higher and lower be compared? Is the pleasure felt by ten people at the theatre watching Verdis Tosca worth more than a hundred at the cinema watching the latest Brad Pitt film? Now that the quality is different they cannot be measured against each other therefore nullifying the calculus. In reality his attempt to assess the quality of an action end in stating that higher pleasures are morally superior and therefore preferable. But Mills empirical generalisation that no one who has experienced a higher pleasure would sacrifice it for a lower one is not always correct, as it does not account for aesthetics of the individual.Mills version of Utilitarianism is more acceptable in practise as it recognises issues that Bentham left out of his theorem. His method of qualitative assessment of happiness is a progression from Benthamà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s solely quantitative one which recognises educated pursuits above swinish pleasures. Moral issues are given special treatment under his scheme of higher pleasures, which acknowledges our higher regard for them as human beings. He also attempted to tackle the unstable use of Epicurian words but could not overcome issues like the loss of justice or the difficulty of knowing all possible out. His version though more refined is still flawed leaving a gap for theologians of the future to fill.One of the main features of Utilitarianism is the fact that it gives simple straightforward answers to simple questions, hence the average man on the street can relate to it. For someone who wants this type of philosophy, Utilitarianism is just that; simple and straightforward. As an example, if one asks what should be my guiding principle in life? a Utilitarianism would give a one sentence answer, always act in accordance with the Greatest Happiness Principle. And, lets face it, for the average man on the street that is a plausible thing to hear!One thing about Utilitarianism is that it does appear to be right. Right, that is, in so far as they involve saying that suffering is wrong, that we ought not to make people suffer- aim at preventing suffering, and that the promotion of happiness is right. However, this theory rejects the qminority. If one goes by the Greatest Happiness for the greatest number theory, then the minoritys values a re not valid. The consequences of any action are what matters; hence the saying end justifies the means clearly derives from Utilitarianism. There are no rules that govern moral conduct. A Utilitarianism morality is based on experience and every situation based on its own merits. The main, or dare I say the only thing that matters is achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number.Other features of which at large strengthen Utilitarianism as an ethical theory is it can be easily applied to decision making, its flexible, practical and is concerned with beneficial results. Utilitarianism compliments a secular outlook on society- and after all, we do live in a secular society, a western style capitalist economy, which have Utilitarianism foundations.The premise of Utilitarianism is a basic and indeed obvious one, avoid pain, like pleasure! It certainly doesnt waste time moralising about rules!2. Obviously, utilitarianism does invoke some criticisms. One factor that is simple, yet I feel valid (after all the premise of utilitarianism is simple) is the fact that it cant cope with everyday situations like murder. A situation which accures in every society. If it cant work for a society then as a philosophy it has failed, after all this theory is about how we should behave in society. To a certain extent I think that we are utilitarian, or at least, that the greatest happiness principle is one of our basic moral principles. But are we total utilitarians? I think not, however, here are three questions that I came across that helped me evaluate the criticisms of utilitarian;* Is everything we think wrong, wrong because it violates the greatest happiness principle?* Is everything we think right, right because it is in accordance with the principle?* If someone were a utilitarian through and through would they fulfil our ideal of a truly moral person?By dissecting the first point I am going to look at examples of things which are either utterly wrong, but dont c ome up wrong in utilitarian grounds, or are at least arguably wrong, but justifiable and right on utilitarian grounds. One of these, as I earlier referred to, being murder.Utilitarianism can justify with a judge allowing a criminal to go unpunished and letting an innocent man to be punished. Utilitarianism has two difficulties with murder and such like a) in saying what is ever wrong with it and b) supposing it has solved that problem, in saying why its wrong in certain cases. This objection to utilitarianism does sound, or does tend to sound absurdmurder not being wrong according to utilitarianism? When it is the doctrine of humanitarianism? This seems ridiculas! But, this is where one must remember the consequentalist doctrine- that an act is to be judged on its outcomes.The strongest point I have established from utilitarianism claims that consequences are the most fundamental idea of utilitarianism. The fundamental outlook is that we should look at what will happen from our acti ons and this is when most criticisms come in. There are three main criticisms, justice, rights and looking back at the past. And, is happiness all that matters?Justice- Utilitarianism is an amoral approach as an ethical theory; therefore it can justify actions that ordinarily we would find adherent- torturing terrorists. Utilitarianism is incompatible with the idea of justice. As an example utilitarianism says that the happiness of the whole human race would be increased (no poverty, disease, theft) but one man would have to suffer eternal torture. According to utilitarianism this would be morally right. However, Im sure some would agree that this is terribly wrong! The Golden Rule states do to others as you want done to you.Rights- a philosophy like Situation Ethics (also Christian Ethics) would say that everyone has rights even the minority. Hence the linking phrase- treat your neighbour how you would like to be treated. A minority of people should not lose their rights to the maj ority.Looking at the past- utilitarianism looks at the future to see if an action will produce happiness and how much. What utilitarianism misses is the fact that the actions based on this philosophy are leaving happiness in the past. Suppose you promise to spend time with a younger sibling who was excited about it but you got more happiness watching a video with your boyfriend, even though it means a lot to your younger sibling. Is utilitarianism saying that it is ok to break promises? What utilitarianism misses is the fact that a) you made a promise and from this causes someone hurt; your sibling.It is quite possible with utilitarianism that we encounter unforeseen situations; which have more harmful results than beneficial. The advantage of having ideals is that if an action causes something bad then at least you can fall back on ideals. With utilitarianism there are no such thing as ideals, therefore one cannot fall back on this premise. If one has moral ideals then it means tha t from the start there is good intention, as utilitarianism is a conceqentalist doctrine then it is reliant on outcomes, and outcomes are never certain.Another criticism, which I noticed, is the fact that a problem could arise when two courses of action produce an equal manner of happiness or goodness, and here comes in the problem of quantifying happiness. Benthams hedonic calculus is meaningless for two reasons;* One cannot reduce happiness or pleasure done to a mathematical formula* We all experience pleasure in different ways, the hedonic calculus presumes we experience pleasure in the same way.We could, theoretically justify any action on utilitarianism grounds by claiming that pleasure is personal and therefore cannot be expressed as a mathematical formula.On a bigger scale a good point is that utilitarianism doesnt distribute goodness or happiness in an equal manner. In certain situations this maybe regarded as unfair, for example, global wealth. Basically assuming that the w ealth of the globe is currently distributed in a utilitarianism manner, this means that some of the world population is starving, and this is evident in the world. It would be fairer to redistribute wealth so the poor do not starve, however this may not be justifiable in utilitarianism grounds. It may be that if the wealthy have to give up some of their resources they incur a disproportionate amount of pleasure derived from the poor. Utilitarianism is a contrast to classic approaches to ethics Essay Example Utilitarianism is a contrast to classic approaches to ethics Essay Utilitarianism is a contrast to classic approaches to ethics. One of the main features or indeed the basis of Utilitarianism is the Greatest happiness for the greatest number theory which posses a secular oUtlook to ethics. Utilitarianism is the doctrine according to which actions are made right or wrong so far as they promote happiness, wrong in so far as they promote the reverse. The form of this definition conceals the fact that Utilitarianism is often called the consequentalist doctrine. One main feature of Utilitarianism is that according to Utilitarianism actions are not themselves intrinsically right or wrong; they are right or wrong in so far as they have good or bad oUtcomes.The version of Utilitarianism which holds the greatest happiness for the greatest number theory was popularised by Jeremy Benthem and his disciple John Mill and from them we have the Greatest happiness principle. This derived from a 19th Century philosopher, Jeremy Benthem (1748-1831) who was the founde r of Utilitarianism; Utilitarianism began life as an ethical principle under Jeremy Bentham who theorised that an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In its original form the argument had many flaws, so John Stuart Mill decided to defend the principle of Utility against its critics by refining its ideas making them more practical in society.Classic approaches to ethics stress good intentions as essential to morality. For example, tell the trUth because it is morally good to tell the truth, even if it hurts. Classic approaches to ethics often stress the intrinsic value of morality. Unlike classic approaches Utilitarianism does not distribute happiness or goodness in an equalariean manner. Utilitarianism is not about having ideals; it is an aprori approach to morality, a basis that experience counts for everything. One might call it a moral theory of usefulness in terms of the greater good, not in terms of ones selfish desires.Jeremy Ben thams theory of Utilitarianism was based on observation, that the definite good in terms of pleasure and established that two things are intrinsically good, namely pleasure itself and freedom from pain. His logical progression deduced that we ought to increase what is good by increasing what brings us pleasure or freedom from pain. Thus the Principle of Utility was created- act in such a way as to bring about the greatest happiness of the greatest number working to increase the total sum of pleasure. Mill felt that he could strengthen the argument for Utilitarianism by clarifying its points. In his famous argument he simplifies the term happiness and pleasure used by Bentham, as one major criticism is that the word pleasure does not have the same meaning as the word good.Utilitarianism as an ethical theory possesses a main feature whereby it is concerned with the wants and needs of society. One of the appeals of Utilitarianism lies in its practical value, that it can be applied quic kly to any moral dilemma. This is done in a mathematical form, by computing pleasure in the Hedonic Calculus. This is Benthams way of deciding on the correct or most appropriate course of action by analysing the pleasure that arises from it and comparing it with alternatives. He identified seven factors involved in this process, Intensity, Duration, Certainty, Propinquity, Purity, Fecundity and Extent, which help us weigh and assess the quantity of happiness.However there arise problem, hence, provoking criticisms which I will look at in the second question. One of the problems with the Hedonic Calculus was that it judged the quantity of happiness i.e. the number of people but not the quality of the happiness therefore problems arise in assessing its value. Different pleasures bring different amounts of happiness to different people but in Benthamà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s theory all pleasures are equal. This received much criticism from Victorian society as like Epicurius he commanded all to en joy swinish pleasures, which were frowned upon by the educated classes at this time.Mill attempted to tackle this pitfall by acknowledging that there were higher and lower pleasures. His proof was based on human experience and proposed that no one who has experienced a higher pleasure would sacrifice that knowledge for an experience, however intense, of a lower pleasure. This is illustrated perfectly in the play Educating Rita by Willie ..Where a working class woman experiences the higher pleasures of literature and feels as if she no longer belongs in a pub experiencing lower pleasures. It is therefore possible to verify which pleasures actually do rate higher than others by the experience of those who have known both. Mills version is deals more adequately with what we regard as valuable about human life i.e. there are better and worse ways of being human. As higher pleasures also include that of moral feeling and well being, for example the joy of a quiet conscience felt by helpi ng others they receive special weighting.They have a higher value than they enjoyed previously under Bentham where they were merely a possibility amongst others so Mill has tackled the criticism that morality is not taken seriously enough. Mill has acknowledged the complexity of the concepts of happiness and pleasure. This system appealed to the reforming element of society who pushed for education reforms so that more could experience higher pleasures and have a better quality of life. Mills theory encounters some problems of its own as this separation of the pleasures into two categories makes the hedonic calculus impossible to execute, as instead of one scale there are now two.How can higher and lower be compared? Is the pleasure felt by ten people at the theatre watching Verdis Tosca worth more than a hundred at the cinema watching the latest Brad Pitt film? Now that the quality is different they cannot be measured against each other therefore nullifying the calculus. In reality his attempt to assess the quality of an action end in stating that higher pleasures are morally superior and therefore preferable. But Mills empirical generalisation that no one who has experienced a higher pleasure would sacrifice it for a lower one is not always correct, as it does not account for aesthetics of the individual.Mills version of Utilitarianism is more acceptable in practise as it recognises issues that Bentham left out of his theorem. His method of qualitative assessment of happiness is a progression from Benthamà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s solely quantitative one which recognises educated pursuits above swinish pleasures. Moral issues are given special treatment under his scheme of higher pleasures, which acknowledges our higher regard for them as human beings. He also attempted to tackle the unstable use of Epicurian words but could not overcome issues like the loss of justice or the difficulty of knowing all possible out. His version though more refined is still flawed leaving a gap for theologians of the future to fill.One of the main features of Utilitarianism is the fact that it gives simple straightforward answers to simple questions, hence the average man on the street can relate to it. For someone who wants this type of philosophy, Utilitarianism is just that; simple and straightforward. As an example, if one asks what should be my guiding principle in life? a Utilitarianism would give a one sentence answer, always act in accordance with the Greatest Happiness Principle. And, lets face it, for the average man on the street that is a plausible thing to hear!One thing about Utilitarianism is that it does appear to be right. Right, that is, in so far as they involve saying that suffering is wrong, that we ought not to make people suffer- aim at preventing suffering, and that the promotion of happiness is right. However, this theory rejects the qminority. If one goes by the Greatest Happiness for the greatest number theory, then the minoritys values a re not valid. The consequences of any action are what matters; hence the saying end justifies the means clearly derives from Utilitarianism. There are no rules that govern moral conduct. A Utilitarianism morality is based on experience and every situation based on its own merits. The main, or dare I say the only thing that matters is achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number.Other features of which at large strengthen Utilitarianism as an ethical theory is it can be easily applied to decision making, its flexible, practical and is concerned with beneficial results. Utilitarianism compliments a secular outlook on society- and after all, we do live in a secular society, a western style capitalist economy, which have Utilitarianism foundations.The premise of Utilitarianism is a basic and indeed obvious one, avoid pain, like pleasure! It certainly doesnt waste time moralising about rules!2. Obviously, utilitarianism does invoke some criticisms. One factor that is simple, yet I feel valid (after all the premise of utilitarianism is simple) is the fact that it cant cope with everyday situations like murder. A situation which accures in every society. If it cant work for a society then as a philosophy it has failed, after all this theory is about how we should behave in society. To a certain extent I think that we are utilitarian, or at least, that the greatest happiness principle is one of our basic moral principles. But are we total utilitarians? I think not, however, here are three questions that I came across that helped me evaluate the criticisms of utilitarian;* Is everything we think wrong, wrong because it violates the greatest happiness principle?* Is everything we think right, right because it is in accordance with the principle?* If someone were a utilitarian through and through would they fulfil our ideal of a truly moral person?By dissecting the first point I am going to look at examples of things which are either utterly wrong, but dont c ome up wrong in utilitarian grounds, or are at least arguably wrong, but justifiable and right on utilitarian grounds. One of these, as I earlier referred to, being murder.Utilitarianism can justify with a judge allowing a criminal to go unpunished and letting an innocent man to be punished. Utilitarianism has two difficulties with murder and such like a) in saying what is ever wrong with it and b) supposing it has solved that problem, in saying why its wrong in certain cases. This objection to utilitarianism does sound, or does tend to sound absurdmurder not being wrong according to utilitarianism? When it is the doctrine of humanitarianism? This seems ridiculas! But, this is where one must remember the consequentalist doctrine- that an act is to be judged on its outcomes.The strongest point I have established from utilitarianism claims that consequences are the most fundamental idea of utilitarianism. The fundamental outlook is that we should look at what will happen from our acti ons and this is when most criticisms come in. There are three main criticisms, justice, rights and looking back at the past. And, is happiness all that matters?Justice- Utilitarianism is an amoral approach as an ethical theory; therefore it can justify actions that ordinarily we would find adherent- torturing terrorists. Utilitarianism is incompatible with the idea of justice. As an example utilitarianism says that the happiness of the whole human race would be increased (no poverty, disease, theft) but one man would have to suffer eternal torture. According to utilitarianism this would be morally right. However, Im sure some would agree that this is terribly wrong! The Golden Rule states do to others as you want done to you.Rights- a philosophy like Situation Ethics (also Christian Ethics) would say that everyone has rights even the minority. Hence the linking phrase- treat your neighbour how you would like to be treated. A minority of people should not lose their rights to the maj ority.Looking at the past- utilitarianism looks at the future to see if an action will produce happiness and how much. What utilitarianism misses is the fact that the actions based on this philosophy are leaving happiness in the past. Suppose you promise to spend time with a younger sibling who was excited about it but you got more happiness watching a video with your boyfriend, even though it means a lot to your younger sibling. Is utilitarianism saying that it is ok to break promises? What utilitarianism misses is the fact that a) you made a promise and from this causes someone hurt; your sibling.It is quite possible with utilitarianism that we encounter unforeseen situations; which have more harmful results than beneficial. The advantage of having ideals is that if an action causes something bad then at least you can fall back on ideals. With utilitarianism there are no such thing as ideals, therefore one cannot fall back on this premise. If one has moral ideals then it means tha t from the start there is good intention, as utilitarianism is a conceqentalist doctrine then it is reliant on outcomes, and outcomes are never certain.Another criticism, which I noticed, is the fact that a problem could arise when two courses of action produce an equal manner of happiness or goodness, and here comes in the problem of quantifying happiness. Benthams hedonic calculus is meaningless for two reasons;* One cannot reduce happiness or pleasure done to a mathematical formula* We all experience pleasure in different ways, the hedonic calculus presumes we experience pleasure in the same way.We could, theoretically justify any action on utilitarianism grounds by claiming that pleasure is personal and therefore cannot be expressed as a mathematical formula.On a bigger scale a good point is that utilitarianism doesnt distribute goodness or happiness in an equal manner. In certain situations this maybe regarded as unfair, for example, global wealth. Basically assuming that the w ealth of the globe is currently distributed in a utilitarianism manner, this means that some of the world population is starving, and this is evident in the world. It would be fairer to redistribute wealth so the poor do not starve, however this may not be justifiable in utilitarianism grounds. It may be that if the wealthy have to give up some of their resources they incur a disproportionate amount of pleasure derived from the poor.

Functions of Management Paper †MGT 330

Functions of Management Paper - MGT 330 Free Online Research Papers When I think about Management, I think of it as setting clear goals, planning the most effective path to achieve these goals and tasks, dividing work and having strong skills in motivating others, and having a clear standard to successfully achieve the best in each work segment. When setting goals, a manager needs to be someone who can use specific methods to work with his or her organization to successfully achieve the goals. There are four basic functions of management that one should use in order to successfully achieve his or her goals; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These functions are the basis of all careers. They can be implemented no matter who is setting the goals; from small, personally owned businesses to larger corporations. Within the career field I have chosen, these functions have proven to be extremely valuable in achieving the goals that I have set forth in the workplace. Planning is one of the most important of the four functions in management. To be a successful manager one has to show strong planning skills. According to (Bateman Snell, 2009), planning is specifying goals to be achieved and deciding, in advance, the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals. The company that I am employed with, Regions Bank, formally AmSouth Bank, has been in operation for many years and is consistently planning to achieve long and short term goals. Regions Bank is a company that bases its achievements on planning out different marketing strategies for providing new innovative products to its customers. Planning new marketing techniques is the key to a successful business. The second function in management is organizing. According to (Dessler Starke, 2004), organizing is based on arranging the activities of an enterprise in such a way that they systematically contribute to the goals of that enterprise. In most companies people tend to believe that organization is more of a human resource function, but in the banking industry organization it is vital that direct supervisors are making good use of this function as well. Being in the position of a direct supervisor, it has been my duty to allocate resources and make sure that there are job duties set out in order to define individual roles. In addition to defining individual roles, I also develop and administer specific training courses to keep employees on track and keep them wanting to work together with each other in teams. In order to outline the goals of success in the workplace, the work that is set for individuals has to be organized. By keeping the work environment in an organized manner, employe e moral stays high and it keeps everyone looking forward to succeeding. Regions Bank would not have succeeded and grown into the institution that it is today without having a high degree of organization. Leading is the third function of management. Without having someone there to lead or guide an individual or group then there would not be any motivation to want to reach a potential goal. Motivating and encouraging employees is an essential part of operating the company. If employees have a good work environment they tend to be more productive and make the company more profitable by becoming involved. As a leader, I have constant daily contact with employees by using all available communication tools. This gives me the ability to provide direction to individuals as well as within teams, departments, and divisions. I believe that having good communication only builds a stronger bond between an employee and his or her supervisor. Not only are there going to be stronger bonds, but the supervisor will then gain more trust in his or her employees which will, in turn, give the employees more motivation to follow in their leaders footsteps. Controlling is the last of the four functions in management. Controlling is not just knowing what an individual is doing, but setting standards that need to be followed to accomplish a specific goal. Control is the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and corrected without significant deviations (Robbins Coulter, pg.38). In trying to monitor my employees, I have to stay as focused as possible on the activities being done. I have found that if a manager is not monitoring the progress within his or her department then they will not be aware of the changes that may need to be made. After having discussed the four functions in management, I believe that they all play a very important role in having a successful team and organization. There will always be room for improvement with everyone in the company. With the use of the four functions in management; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, I believe that top, middle, and bottom management will be able to work together and keep the company motivated to achieve a desired set goals. In keeping a monitoring system in effect, it will also be easier to keep everyone on the same track to success. By having the knowledge and ability to implement the four management functions discussed above, every business has the ability to achieve any set of goals. References Bateman, Thomas S., Snell, Scott A. (2009). Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World (8th ed.). , : McGraw-Hill. Dessler, Gary., Starke, Frederick. (2004). Management: Principles and Practice for Tomorrows Leaders (2nd ed.). , : Pearson Educations, Inc. Robbins, Stephen P., Coulter, Mary. (pg. 38). Available from kimba.ku.ac.th/research/Organization%20and%20Management.pdf. 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A Typical Homeschool Day

A Typical Homeschool Day According to the National Home Education Research Institute, as of 2016, there were approximately 2.3 million homeschooled students in the United States. Those two-million-plus students hail from a variety of backgrounds and belief systems. The NHERI states that homeschooling families are, ...atheists, Christians, and Mormons; conservatives, libertarians, and liberals; low-, middle-, and high-income families; black, Hispanic, and white; parents with Ph.D.s, GEDs, and no high-school diplomas. One study shows that 32 percent of homeschool students are Black, Asian, Hispanic, and others (i.e., not White/non-Hispanic) (Noel, Stark, Redford, 2013). With the wide diversity found in the homeschooling community, its easy to see why its difficult to label any day a typical homeschool day. There are as many ways to homeschool and as many ways to accomplish each days goals as there are homeschooling families. Some homeschooling parents model their day after a traditional classroom, even starting  their day reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. The rest of the day is spent doing sit-down work, with a break for lunch and perhaps recess. Others arrange their homeschool  schedule to suit their own needs and preferences, taking into account their own high- and low-energy periods and their familys work schedules. While there is no typical day, here are some organizational generalities many homeschooling families share: 1. Homeschooling Families May Not Start School Until Late Morning. Since homeschoolers dont need to dash for the school bus, its not uncommon for homeschooling families to make their mornings as calm as possible, starting off with a family read-aloud, housekeeping, or other low-key activities. While many homeschooling families get up and get school started around the same time as children in a  traditional school setting, others prefer to sleep later and avoid the drowsiness that plagues many school kids.   This flexibility is especially helpful to families with teenage students. Studies have shown that teens need 8-10 hours of sleep each night, and its not uncommon for them to have trouble falling asleep before 11 p.m. 2. Many Homeschoolers Prefer to Ease Into the Day With Routine Tasks. Although some children prefer to get their most difficult tasks out of the way first thing, others find it stressful to dive into complex subjects first thing. Thats why many homeschooling families opt to start the day with routines like chores or music practice. Many families enjoy beginning  with morning time activities such as reading aloud, completing memory work (such as math facts or poetry), and listening to music or creating art. These activities can help kids get warmed up for tackling new tasks and skills that demand more concentration. 3. Homeschoolers Schedule Their Toughest Subjects for Prime Time. Everyone  has a time of day in which they are naturally more productive. Homeschoolers can take advantage of their peak hours by scheduling their toughest subjects or most involved projects for those times. That means that some homeschooling families will have math and science projects, for example, completed by lunch while others will save those activities for later in the afternoon, or even at night or on the weekends. 4. Homeschoolers Really Do Get Out for Group Events and Other Activities. Homeschooling isnt all sitting around the kitchen table hunched over workbooks or lab equipment. Most homeschoolers try to get together with other families on a regular basis, whether for co-op classes or outdoor play. Homeschooling families are often active in the community with volunteer work, drama teams, sports, music, or art. 5. Most Homeschooling Families Allow for Regular Quiet Time Alone. Education experts say that students learn best when theyre given some unstructured time to pursue their own interests and  privacy to work without someone watching over their shoulder. Some homeschooling parents use quiet time as a chance to work with one child individually while the others are busy on their own. Quiet time also gives kids the opportunity to learn how to entertain themselves and avoid boredom. Other parents choose to have quiet time for the entire family each afternoon. During this time, they can enjoy their own down time by reading  a book, answering email, or taking a quick power nap. No two homeschooling families are the same, nor are two homeschool days. However, many homeschooling families do appreciate having a somewhat predictable rhythm to their days. These general concepts for organizing a homeschool day are those that tend to be fairly common  in the homeschooling community. And even though the homes of many homeschooling families look nothing like a traditional classroom, you can bet that learning is one of the things that homeschoolers do all day, at any time during the day or night. Updated by Kris Bales

Social security Tax Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social security Tax - Term Paper Example The ultimate beneficiary of tax collections are the masses who are given services like quality health services, public schooling, safety and security, cleaner neighborhood, better road and other infrastructural developments. Thus, it can be said that the government uses the people’s money and put it into use that can be translated into better facilities for them. One such taxation is that of social security taxation, the proceeds of which are pooled into to provide old-age benefits, pensions, child health and unemployed. Thus, the key beneficiaries of this kind of taxation are the most vulnerable classes of the society. This paper will shed light on the whole system of social security taxation, its pros and cons and its efficiency in fulfilling its intended purpose. In order to clarify the present day social security system it is imperative to study its evolution over time. The concept of social security was pioneered in 1935 when the American association for Social security led by Abraham Epstein coined the word social security. The actual payments were started in the January of 1937 as retirement funds. However these were only given to the primary working member of the family. It was only in 1939 when the survivors benefit for spouses and children were introduced. With time, more benefits were added to the scope of social security for example, benefits for the disabled were initiated in 1956 and it was followed by a major milestone in the year 1965, when the congress signed the social security law to add medical care to its portfolio of benefits. In order to ensure that people pay this kind of taxation for their own good in the long run, social security number was issued. These numbers became the basis of identification after some time and was used by the civil service commission and revenue boards by 1962. In the United States, the social

PNEUMONIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PNEUMONIA - Essay Example Pneumonia can make an individual very ill even to the point of death. However, the disease can transpire in young, as well as healthy individuals, but is more dangerous in older adults, babies and persons with other illness or weakened immune systems. Pneumonia is often caused by a bacterium, the Streptococcus Pneumoniae, especially in people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and are victims of alcoholism. Such individuals are vulnerable to contracting pneumonia from Klebsiella, as well as Hemophilus Influenza. This category, although occurring temporarily, has some association with the bacteria known as the Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (Krause, 2012). Subsequently, the attacking organisms results in a variety of impact, in part, by irritating to an overly enthusiastic status to the immune responses within the lungs. Therefore, the small blood vessels within the lungs tend to develop leaks; hence, protein-rich fluid seeps through the alveoli. However, this tends to mark a less serviceable region for oxygen-carbon dioxide conversions; hence, the affected victims tend to develop oxygen rundowns while holding hypothetically risky carbon dioxide (Krause, 2012). Conversely, ill persons respire faster in conjunction to result in more oxygen, as well as release of more carbon dioxide. However, when these secretions are augmented, the leaky vessels often tinge the mucus with blood. The mucus plugs tend to diminish the efficacy of gas conversions within the lungs. Nonetheless, the alveoli tend to fill up with fluids, resulting in the debris from a vast number of white cells that get released to combat the infection (Krause, 2012). Therefore, the pneumonia condition often starts when an individual breathes the relevant germs into lungs. What follows is usually the disease after accessing a cold, as well as a flu. Conversely, the sickness will tend to make a person find it difficult for his/her lungs to fight against the

Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership Essay Example for Free

Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership Essay The Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership (Also known as LMX, LMET or Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory) is a type of leadership theory that focuses on the dyadic relationship between leader and follower where the leader treats individual followers differently, resulting in two groups of followers—an in-group and an out-group. The in-group consists of a small number of trusted followers with whom the leader usually establishes a special higher quality exchange relationship. The out-group includes the followers with whom the relationship of the leader remains more formal. It focuses on increasing organizational success by creating positive relations between the leader and subordinate (follower). The theory asserts that leaders do not interact with subordinates uniformly. ‘In-group’ followers perform their jobs in accordance with the employment contracts and can be counted on by the supervisor to perform unstructured tasks, to volunteer for extra work, and to take on additional responsibilities. Supervisors exchange personal and positional resources (inside information, influence in decision making, task assignment, job latitude, support, and attention) in return for subordinates’ performance on unstructured tasks. High LMX relationship achieves increased mutual trust, confidence, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, common bonds, open communication, independence respect, rewards recognition and hence benefits both the organisation and the employee. Recognizing the existence of the in-group and out-group, could be discriminating against the out-group thus affecting employee turnover based on bad-quality LMX and job dissatisfaction. This is because members of ‘out-group’ Example of an organization that has successfully used this theory is ‘E-Myth Worldwide’

Essay on Sacrifice in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

Sacrifice in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many different types of heroism that exist among the heroes of past and present. Heroism usually is thought of as battling and triumphing over an obstacle, or conquest of a fair-maiden’s love. But notice what this passage from the Mahabharata says about â€Å"The True Hero.† Heroes of many kinds are proclaimed: hear from me, then, their goals. Rewards are assigned to the families of heroes and also to the hero himself. Heroes of sacrifice, heroes of self-control; others who are heroes of truth; heroes of battle are also proclaimed, and men who are heroes of giving. Others are heroes of intellect, and heroes of patience are others; and also heroes of honesty, and men who live in tranquility . . . There are forest-dwelling heroes, and householder heroes, and heroes in the honoring of guests. (Mahabharata XIII.74.22-27) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight encompasses every point brought out in the Mahabharata about what a hero truly is. Sacrifice is a quality that many persons choose to ignore. But Sir Gawain, throughout the book, magnified this virtue to its extent, even to the brink of death. When the Green Knight challenged the knights of King Arthur for a game, and King Arthur volunteered, it was Sir Gawain who stepped in. Sir Gawain was quick to explain to Arthur, â€Å"When a challenge like this rings through your hall/To take it yourself . . . For battle. Think of your bold knights,/My life the least, my death no loss. . .† (58). Of course all of King Arthur’s knights were valuable to the kingdom, so the phrase of â€Å"my death no loss,† merely meant that the kingdom of King Arthur would continue without Sir Gawain, but it would not continue with the death King Arthur. Sacrifice continued to play a part even to the halfway point of the book and beyond. Such as that of sacrificing the pleasures of a woman which quite possibly was the greatest of all sacrifices, one that we know Sir Lancelot would have failed at miserably. This sacrifice would indeed save Sir Gawain’s life at the end of the story. Throughout the three days spent in Bercilak’s castle, Morgana tried to seduce him, but each and every time he refused (86-90). From line 1830-1865 (104) we read of one moment that Sir Gawain’s virtuous ways faltered.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

   At first, Frankenstein agrees (after being convinced), but then is afraid of what could happen if two creatures like the first one were alive, therefore destroys the creation he has not yet finished. Henry is killed by the creature, in which Frankenstein is blamed, who again falls terribly ill again; there he gets acquitted of his crime. He marries Elizabeth who gets murdered by the creature on her wedding night. Frankenstein dies and therefore the monster commits suicide as his creator has died. The creature is grotesquely described, mainly in chapter five, a main scene in the novel. Words such as â€Å"his yellow skin scarcely covered the work of arteries and muscles beneath† are used, which give the reader horrific images of how this creature must look, Shelly then contrasts the image created with nice images, such as â€Å"teeth of pearly whiteness†, juxtaposition is used here because after the reader is made to believe the creature looked lovely, the view rapidly changes, â€Å"but these luxuriance’s only formed a more horrid contrast with the watery eyes, that seemed almost the same colour as the den white sockets in which they were set†, showing how horrific this creature truly looked. This description is that of an adult, however the creatures mind has been reborn so he must now be pure and innocent, therefore shouldn’t be described in such horrible ways, making us feel sorry for him. The creature is seen as a child, this is because he has never been born or seen the world before, so couldn’t possibly have an adult mind, he did not know how to speak, read or write when born, and had to teach himself this knowledge, as Frankenstein did not help. Frankenstein should of treated the creature as if he was a new baby, and help him, because he had not done anything wrong at this point, until he had abandoned him, so he was lonely and confused. He tried to befriend Frankenstein during the beginning of his life by muttering words to him in a friendly manner, although Frankenstein took this as though he was going to attack him, â€Å"He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"but I escaped and rushed downstairs†. The grin was taken by Frankenstein as an evil grin, signifying that the monster did not like Frankenstein, but in reality, the creature was just trying to be friendly. However, Frankenstein was disgusted with his creation, and decided to leave the apartment, not to return, therefore the creature was abandoned and lonely, also he wouldn’t have known what to do seeing as he could not understand the world, and they could equally not understand his hideous looks, therefore making the reader feel sorry for the monster as he hasn’t done anything, â€Å"I did not dare return to the apartment which I inhabited†, this also shows he is scared to return. The perception created by Shelley of the monster, is one that he cannot possibly be friendly because of how ugly he is, therefore people shout abuse and refuse to talk to him in a civilized way without mocking him or commenting on how ugly he looks. Other people may be scared of him, so try to run away when he gets close, this will make him feel angry with all the people who judge him by first impressions, without taking the courtesy to get to know him. He could of easily been a good man but society cast him out so he rapidly became the opposite, which makes us feel sorry for him as he cannot help being ugly and never gets a chance to show his nice personality, such as saving children from drowning. He is a victim of Frankenstein’s ambitions and then abandonment, as Frankenstein was very eager, almost too eager, to create him, but after he saw what he had made, quickly despised him, left him alone, with no easy way of living, thus upsetting the creature because he never did anything wrong, just wanted to be loved. Frankenstein should of looked after his creation because it is his responsibility, or should of never even created him if he had thought of the possibilities/consequences that could of happened, creating sympathy for the creature because no one wants him, not even his own father. The creature uses religious imagery when speaking to Frankenstein, such as; â€Å"Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel† and he is telling Frankenstein that he has just been born and is inquisitive like Adam and Eve were when venturing into the garden, but now he has fallen because of his abandonment, so perceives himself as a fallen angel. Also, relating to Adam, shows he believes he must have an ‘Eve’, such as a bride. Frankenstein uses questions at their meeting on the glacier, such as â€Å"Do you dare approach me? And do not you fear the fierce vengeance of my arm wretched on your miserable head? † trying to intimidate and draw the creature in, also he uses the word, â€Å"Devil†, to explain how much he hates the creation and thinks he is pure evil, this is also relating to religiousness. Then the creature explains to Frankenstein about how he feels about being alive and looking the way he does, which makes Frankenstein feel quite sorry for him, although the monster had admitted he murdered his family, but only because he wanted to get back at Frankenstein. The creature reasons with Frankenstein and asks him to create a lady creation, â€Å"Still thou canst listen to and grant me thy compassion†, Frankenstein agrees to do this as long as he leaves him alone and does not harm any more people. Frankenstein beings working on his creation on the second creation, but one night he sees the creature and realises what destruction has already took place, which frightens him about the destruction that two creations could do, creating devastating consequences. We then feel sorry for the creature because he has no friends and will carry on being lonely, but our feelings drastically change when the creature threatens to be with him on his wedding night, making the reader feel angry with the creature for creating such havoc in Frankenstein’s life, although in the back of the readers mind, they still feel sorry for the creature because he is forever lonely. We can see the creature as romantic, as he would like a bride, this relates to Frankenstein when he is calm and peaceful in the mountains, acting almost romantic towards the scenery; â€Å"The pleasant sunshine, and the pure air of day, restored me to some degree of tranquillity; and when I considered what had passed at the cottage†. Frankenstein should of acted like a father to the creature because he created him so should take care of him, show him what’s right and wrong, how to read/write/speak and general life skills. Instead, Frankenstein does none of these and does the opposite, abandoning him, leaving him to fend for himself. He also created the creature out of different body parts from other people’s bodies making him look disproportional and abnormal, as well as looking ridiculous. He had been designing and creating this creation for so long and wanted to create him over such a long period, that when the creature was finally created he truly repulsed it, â€Å"I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into inanimate body. For this I deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that for exceeded moderation†, showing that he desperately longed for a great creation, we then feel sorry for him as he had spent so much time and effort, just for it to turn out in a catastrophic way. He was very careless when creating him, which would obviously cause problems for the creature when setting foot in the public eye; this was not fair on the creature. He also talks about the creature in a grotesque way, making the reader feel afraid of him, and at the same time, sorry for Frankenstein for having to live with the consequences of this disgusting thing, therefore having to either look after him or find a way of getting rid of him. He then becomes afraid about what he has created and the consequences that would arise from doing so, so therefore being seriously mentally ill, as he cannot cope with the fact that he has created something so ridiculous and destructible. The reader feels sorry for him because he has become ill and this isn’t fair. Frankenstein challenges the creature to a fight, â€Å"Be gone or let us try our strength in a fight, in which one must fail†, this is because he is so angry and repulsed with the creature for ruining his life that he wants to settle this finally and this makes the reader believe how upset he is, wanting to clear the creature out of his mind and life. His anger spirals out of control as he vulgarly insults the creature; â€Å"Relieve me from the sight of your detested form†, showing how much he truly dislikes the creature, therefore he must be causing pain to him in some way, mentally or physically. However finally Frankenstein decides to give the creature a chance and reasons with him about creating a lady monster, which is a good deed, making us honour him because he is trying to treat the creature well. Frankenstein then becomes afraid of what two creatures would cause and destroys his creation, at this point, the creature promises Frankenstein he will be with him on his wedding night. On the wedding night, the creature carries out his ultimatum and murders Frankenstein’s wife, which shocks and devastates Frankenstein because he was not expecting him to murder his bride, and rather killed himself instead. This upsets the reader because this would really harm Frankenstein, and was truly an act of pure evil. Also, earlier in the novel, the creature had killed his younger brother and his best friend to get back at him, which truly devastated Frankenstein, also a very horrific type of payback. Frankenstein could be perceived as a hero of modern day science because he went to extraordinary lengths and research to create human life, using science, which no one else before him had ever successfully done. He was also portrayed as a villain for playing with nature and God because people should take life how it is and not try to create more complex designs that God did not want to happen. However I do not believe that Frankenstein was a victim of the time he lived in because he simply shout not have created life without considering the drastic consequences that would happen. I think the perspective of this novel is that Shelley had lost the three of her four children and also her mother, during labour, possibly reflecting as a feeling of abandonment and loss due to death, she can therefore relate to the creature and Frankenstein because his close family and friends were murdered. I have sympathy for the creature more than Frankenstein because he was abandoned when he was first ‘born’, this was unfair because he hadn’t done anything wrong and could not help the way he looked. Frankenstein should not have created him if he had thought properly about what he was doing; he had acted selfish for leaving the monster behind and abandoning him. Also, Frankenstein gets the creature’s hopes up by saying he will create a companion for him, but then destroys his dream, which upsets the monster greatly. He has no friends, family etc. and this is not fair on him. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Adult Education Study Simulators

The understanding of educational theory improves the quality of teaching taking place in schools. Indeed, according to Podeschi and Pearson (2003, p. 89), continued exposure to diverse educational theories help instructors to apply best practices in day-to-day teaching activities.Further, instructors are more likely to apply a different teaching method, which helps in understanding what works best with different students and lessons. The resulting system is mutually beneficial among educational stakeholders: teachers improve on respective professionalism, students receive high quality education, and school administration becomes more efficient in executing duties and responsibilities.Instructional processes being used by this researcher will definitely be improved upon reading the chapter. Most importantly, the understanding of factors influencing instruction delivery among adult students would results to change in strategies.This instructor will therefore embark on understanding spe cific factors before developing strategies to be applied. The strategy of involving adult students in the development of individuals’ academic goals will also get incorporated in the new instructional processes. The newly improved procedures will be implemented and consequently get evaluated regularly.In order to understand the participation rate in the local population, a group of ten adults were randomly selected and asked various questions regarding their propensity to participate. Four of the selected adults are active participants in adult education, whereas the rest (six) said they would like to participate but lack time.Those currently undergoing adult education do so through weekend classes as well as summer school. The adults were more inclined to attend group classes instead of studying privately.Participants of organized adult education are better positioned to succeed compared to individuals on self-directed learning, considering professionalism involved in adult educational systems (Knowles, 1999, p. 213). Organized education benefits from various teachers with wider experience and knowledge to guide adults in attaining respective academic goals.Participants in organized classes further get opportunities to share with each other, which enhances the understanding of concepts taught in classes. On the other hand, adults on self-directed learning have the advantage of concentrating on subjects and concepts of interest, which lacks in organized reaching.This instructor’s recruitment of adult education will be influenced by what has been learnt in the chapter. The new understanding on individuals more likely to participate in adult education will especially be of help. The instructor will embark on the process as recruiting adult students from both groups—those who are more likely to enroll and succeed and those with difficulties.Both groups will further get mixed in all the classes and educational activities. Mixed classes are, ac cording to Moos and Tricket (2004, p. 117) better placed to motivate struggling adult students to succeed academically. This will also help in the process of reducing chances of me drop out from the struggling students. Most importantly, the instructor will ensure encouraging students from either group to interact more in class activities.The instructor will further work closely with individual students with the intention of establishing a working rapport. This way, students would feel free to express their hardships to the instructor and therefore increase chances of resolving issues before reaching crisis level.Knowing adult students’ cognitive and learning styles are a must for teachers involved in the sector. Indeed, it is only through such knowledge that teachers can successfully help students achieve respective academic goals. Having such understanding helps teachers to come up with strategies that improve students’ ability to grasp concepts taught in their class es.Fort instance, understanding that some students learn better by just listening to lectures and others through visual aids, teachers are more likely to combine strategies. This would mean running lectures in combination with lecture notes for those who learn better through reading and PowerPoint slides for those in need of visual aids. Such approach leaves all students with better understanding.Though there exists little data relating to motivating general public in taking part in adult education, it is with no doubt that improving awareness would improve enrollment rates.This instructor will therefore embark on improving awareness of adult education courses within the locality, which would be achieved in collaboration with relevant departments. In addition to improving awareness, diversity in student’ body would be enhanced at various levels, which would leave participants stronger in their academic endeavors.There exist some differences between youth and adult students, e specially regarding needs and preferences. Adult students are more likely to prefer the traditional lecture notes instructions delivery, whereas the youth would prefer aggressive usage of information technology (Knowles, 1999, p. 72).To the youths, sitting down and consequently taking lecture notes sounds tedious—significant portion prefer having lectures delivered through IT, especially the Internet, where they can access at afterwards and regularly. On the other hand, adults are less inclined to rely on information technology, because they lack, or have little of the required technical skills.The first step in designing class instructions for adult students is to request them to share goals they would like to achieve. This instructor would arrange for a meeting with individual students and consequently collect views and concerns that would be incorporated in the instructions. Instructor will thus understand each student needs that will be considered in curriculum developmen t process.The traditional lectures, which most adult students are comfortable with, would become the primary teaching method. However, the instructor will embark on incorporating information technology throughout the process. The use of technology will also provide adult students to learn about the modern methods and thus overcome the digital divide barrier separating them from youth students.Wild Wide Web, PowerPoint presentations, and email communication between teachers and students will be used widely. All lecture and learning material will be posted on class website, where students can refer at their own convenience. As discussed above, the instructor will arrange for private meeting time with individual students.These meetings will be used to gage students’ comfort in using information technology—problems in using the system would be dealt with accordingly. In addition, the meetings would be used to understand whether the goals set in advance have been achieved. Students will therefore get a chance to get the much-needed counsel.The same processes can be applied with regard to youth education, given that they are in need of much support. Youth students are more likely to lack self-control and discipline that are required in academics. It is important for teachers in lower and upper academic levels to embark on improving this much-needed discipline in their students.This will serve them well in latter years, especially when they participate in adult education. The long run beneficiaries of improved understanding of education theories would therefore include stakeholders from all walks of life: teachers would become more efficient in their professions, whereas students benefit from high quality teaching methods.References Knowles, M. (1999). Pedagogy versus Andragogy. New York: Routledge.Moos, P. & Trickett, E. (2004). Classroom Environment. Palo Alto: CPP.Pearson, E. & Podeschi, R.   (2003). Humanism & Individualism in Adult Education. Adu lt-Education Quarterly. Vol. 50 (3): 39-55.   

Free Essays on Love And Sacrifice

Good morning everyone. Today I am going to speak on love and sacrifice. My examples of love and sacrifice are from the book â€Å"Jillaroo† by Rachael Treasure, the song â€Å"Butterfly Kisses† by Bob Carlisle, and the movie â€Å"Ring of fire† produced by Paramount pictures. In the story â€Å"Jillaroo†, there are many forms of love and Sacrifice. Rebecca Saunders sacrifices her place on the family’s property â€Å"Water’s Meeting† to get away from her father. While working on a station in the Northern Territory as a Jillaroo, Rebecca falls in love with a man named Charlie Lewis (AKA. Basil Lewis, B N S King) Rebecca has to sacrifice the love of her life, Charlie, for her property â€Å"Waters Meeting†. Rebecca sacrifices everything she has in her life for Charlie, but little did Bec Know being with Charlie meant sacrificing her freedom and all the farming techniques she knew and loved all to live with Charlie and his Family. The â€Å"song butterfly kisses† is about a father who goes through his whole life taking care of his daughter and having her all to himself to love then he sacrifices her to be married. In this song the lyrics say she’ll make a promise, and I’ll give her away. Standing in the bride’s room just staring at her, she asked me what I’m thinking and I said ‘I’m not sure; I just feel I’m loosing my baby girl’. These lyrics explain exactly how the father feels. The movie, â€Å"Ring of Fire† is a very good example of love and sacrifice. After a serious bull riding accident Ely Braxton is told never to ride bulls again. Ely’s girlfriend Connie try’s to make Ely give up rodeo. Ely sacrifices Connie for his love of bull riding. Hank, Ely’s brother is getting together with Celia Jones. Ely accidentally steals Celia from Hank. Ely then realises what he has done and sacrifices Celia for Hank’s sake. In the end Hank makes the ultimate sacrifice (his life) while trying to save Ely from ... Free Essays on Love And Sacrifice Free Essays on Love And Sacrifice Good morning everyone. Today I am going to speak on love and sacrifice. My examples of love and sacrifice are from the book â€Å"Jillaroo† by Rachael Treasure, the song â€Å"Butterfly Kisses† by Bob Carlisle, and the movie â€Å"Ring of fire† produced by Paramount pictures. In the story â€Å"Jillaroo†, there are many forms of love and Sacrifice. Rebecca Saunders sacrifices her place on the family’s property â€Å"Water’s Meeting† to get away from her father. While working on a station in the Northern Territory as a Jillaroo, Rebecca falls in love with a man named Charlie Lewis (AKA. Basil Lewis, B N S King) Rebecca has to sacrifice the love of her life, Charlie, for her property â€Å"Waters Meeting†. Rebecca sacrifices everything she has in her life for Charlie, but little did Bec Know being with Charlie meant sacrificing her freedom and all the farming techniques she knew and loved all to live with Charlie and his Family. The â€Å"song butterfly kisses† is about a father who goes through his whole life taking care of his daughter and having her all to himself to love then he sacrifices her to be married. In this song the lyrics say she’ll make a promise, and I’ll give her away. Standing in the bride’s room just staring at her, she asked me what I’m thinking and I said ‘I’m not sure; I just feel I’m loosing my baby girl’. These lyrics explain exactly how the father feels. The movie, â€Å"Ring of Fire† is a very good example of love and sacrifice. After a serious bull riding accident Ely Braxton is told never to ride bulls again. Ely’s girlfriend Connie try’s to make Ely give up rodeo. Ely sacrifices Connie for his love of bull riding. Hank, Ely’s brother is getting together with Celia Jones. Ely accidentally steals Celia from Hank. Ely then realises what he has done and sacrifices Celia for Hank’s sake. In the end Hank makes the ultimate sacrifice (his life) while trying to save Ely from ...

How to Take Both the SAT and ACT...and Who Should Take Both

How to Take Both the SAT and ACT...and Who Should Take Both SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT and ACT may both be college entrance exams, but the way they test students on their college readiness is subtly different. Most students will do better on one test than the other, so why would you want to go through the hassle of taking both exams? And is it even feasible to do so? We’ll answer those questions in this article. Feature image credit: Double fisting at niosa!/used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped and color-adjusted from original. Why Take Both the SAT and ACT? First and foremost, it must be emphasized: the default should be to take eitherthe SAT orACT, not both. Students sometimes think the more the merrier, or that a consistent score across the tests is more impressive than a high score on just one. This is just plain wrong - taking both the SAT and ACT is usually unnecessary, and trying to do so can negatively affect your scores on both exams. Even though most students will only ever need to take one exam or the other, however, there are a few cases where it makes sense to take both the SAT and ACT. 1. You’re Applying to One Program That Favors the ACT and Another That Favors the SAT Colleges accept the two tests equally at this point, but different score thresholds may still be in play that make it more advantageous to use one test for one school and another test for another. If you compare percentile ranks of the scores of accepted students at School A, for instance, you may find that the middle 50% of students at School A have 90-99%ile ACT scores, but only 85-95%ile SAT scores. ACT percentiles may be skewed by the (comparatively) large number of students for whom the ACT is a high school graduation requirement (even for students not going on to four-year colleges), but this still means that you can get admitted to School A with a lower score, percentile-wise, on the SAT than on the ACT. Read more about this discrepancy and what it means for you with our article about what Ivy League schools think about the ACT. It should be noted that often the differences between admitted students' SAT and ACT percentiles at a school are not large enough to warrant taking both tests; any slight advantage you might get from having two scores will likely be cancelled out by your scoring lower on both tests than you would've had you taken only one or the other. As a good guideline, if the percentiles of a schools' middle 50% of ACT vs. SAT scores are less than 10 points apart, it's not worth taking a second test you weren't planning on taking in an attempt to game the system. 2. You’re Evenly Balanced in the Two Tests and Have an Excess of Time to Study This scenario applies if you’ve taken realistic SAT and ACT practice tests and gotten equivalent percentile scores. There is some score variation from between different test dates, so if you have a good day with one test and a bad day with the other, you could potentially score better on one on test day. This strategy is only useful if you have excess time to study, however; otherwise, the time you spend trying to keep up both your SAT and ACT scores could be better spent nudging your higher score towards perfection. African safari hunter holds up two ivory tusks, 1962/Copyright Atlanta Journal-Constitution/used for educational purposes. Don't worry about unevenness (in your test scores). 3. Your Score on One Test Has Plateaued and You Have a Lot More Time to Study Further score increases can be difficult for students who have managed to improve low ACT or SAT scores, but can't seem to move their scores up to the next level. Whether they want to accomplish this for specific college applications or just for their own personal satisfaction, it can be highly frustrated to get stuck with a score that won't seem to budge, no matter what you do. If you have plenty of time left to study, you might want to consider at least trying out a practice test for the exam you're not planning on taking. For example, if you’ve been studying for ACT but can’t seem to crack a 28 on ACT Science, taking the SAT may be to your advantage because of the differences in format between the two tests. How to Take Both the SAT and ACT Your first priority should be the test you’re better at, since you want to put in the most effort where you’ll get the most reward. We recommend against studying for the two tests at the same time, but given many students’ busy schedules this may be unavoidable. If that is the case, then you need to focus your studying. Spend 60-90% of your time on the test you’re better on, or an even higher percentage if you’re studying more overall. You should also allocate at least 20 hours of studying to your secondary test. Keep in mind that this includes taking full-length practice tests, which each eat up 3-4 hours of time, so this isn’t as daunting as it might appear. What’s Next? If the SAT and ACT are both the same as far as college admissions goes, then why take one over the other? Read our analysis on whether or not the ACT is easier than the SAT here. Want an overview of the ways in which the two tests differ? Then be sure to look over our complete breakdown of the new SAT vs. the ACT. Curious about the details of the differences between the SAT and ACT? We've got articles that cover the specific differences between SAT and ACT Math, SAT and ACT Reading, and SAT Writing vs. ACT English. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Facility Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Facility Management - Essay Example ‘Green buildings provide financial benefits that conventional buildings do not’ (Kats 2003). This dissertation attempts to find an optimum path for green construction where the possibly higher costs of using sustainable technologies and materials can be offset by lower running costs of such facilities. Facilities management mainly deals with the management of facilities of communal buildings like offices, colleges, hospitals, etc. Facility management is very similar to property management but is in most cases applied to larger commercial properties where the operations and management of the building is more extensive and complex. Newer buildings and facilities need to be developed with a ‘green’ design basis, contextual relevance, cost sensitivity, adherence to building code as also the fundamental requirement of functioning in the best manner possible i.e. it is very important that the building serve its necessity (Atkins& Brooks, 2005). A green building consists of several aspects, including the building envelope, building services including HVAC, Electricals, IBMS, Efficient waste management (including solid waste and e-waste) and a Water Balance Plan that seeks to reach a point where all the amount of water that the facility needs is used productively within it. S tress on the importance on the building envelope in the ‘greening’ of a facility is obvious, as it is in many ways the first line of defence against wasteful energy expenditure. It may be considered like an epidermal covering that regulates the inside, as also indicated the status of components within the body. It is important as a gateway between the climate-controlled interior and the uncontrolled exterior environment. This allows for a differentiation from the surroundings and provides an entity for the building on its own (Barret & Baldry, 1991). The