A critical analysis of marketing strategy in the UK financial services Essay

A basic investigation of advertising system in the UK budgetary administrations division. An exact examination - Essay Example As indicated by Lazer (1971:209), â€Å"Given great insight, officials ought to in the end have the option to filter markets, require extra data through consoles, survey advertising choices all the more sufficiently, and change in accordance with dynamic economic situation more readily†. It at that point necessitates that advertising systems are organized to come side by side with the change of the time, for it to be fruitful and compelling. THE United Kingdom monetary administrations area have as of late embraced advertising procedures that are lined up with the data innovation driven age. The leading of business are left through e-showcasing and by and large the UK money related foundations have received key collusion as a choice of together pulling of their assets with associations that share a similar business direction and possibilities with them. â€Å"Markets face overwhelming difficulties in an inexorably mind boggling markets place. Statistical surveying data advancements have given new apparatuses to manage promoting asset distribution, yet these advances have added multifaceted nature to the marketer’s perspective. Exacerbating the test is the scope of partners that must be tended to: possibilities, clients, investors, channels accomplices, showcase union accomplices, and vendors† (Cook and Talluri, 2005:244). Lately the spate of vital collusion in UK money related organizations are on the expansion. As per Gup and Marino (2003), the United Kingdom budgetary organization recorded 401 collusions in Europe. Practically 50% of these methodologies coalitions happened in 1998 and 1999. As a substitute to by and large merger money related establishment have incline toward key collusion. In a similar view, Proctor (2000), contends that the 21st century is seeing the advancement of vital unions and systems where firms cooperate towards shared objectives and team up in their activities. The money related administrations segment plays a critical

Food Policy for Public Health Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Policy for Public Health Practice - Essay Example The National Food Guide likewise recommends people to lessen the staple having immersed fats and sugar. It is additionally referenced in the National food Guide to remain dynamic and accomplish a sound weight. A solid weight doesn’t intend to lessen the weight underneath the prescribed level yet to keep up it as indicated by the age, tallness and different variables of the person. The National food Guide additionally includes a proposal to drink a lot of water. Our body requires parts and heaps of water for a more beneficial and sickness free life (Gidding 2005 Health Education Authority, 1994). These dietary prerequisites are vital for the teenagers or youngsters at this developing stage in such a case that they are not satisfied the kids or youths may come down with some malady or turmoil. The Australians Guide to Healthy Eating has given out rules regarding which food ought to be especially given significance when worried about the best possible nourishment of the body. Fol lowing the rules by AGTHE another technique has been created which targets improving the premise of nourishment for the kids and this methodology is named as Healthy Food and Drink Supply Strategy. The calls attention to given by the HFDSS separate the food into various fragments which ought to be taken according to the nourishing necessity of the person. Further these sections are otherwise called the savvy decisions similarly as with the assistance of these keen decisions one can choose the most ideal wholesome eating routine for himself/herself (NHRM 2003). Being in my situation of a general wellbeing nutritionist it has gotten similarly significant for me to keep a mind all the applicable purviews under me and as to in the event that they are following the rules or not. To additionally impact them with the Smart Choices it has gotten significant for me to address a few issues so the schools especially understand the significance of these ‘Smart Choices’. The main conceivable advance that I would adopt would be to strategy the

Top 10 Leading and Most Innovative Franchise Businesses Worldwide

Top 10 Leading and Most Innovative Franchise Businesses Worldwide © Shutterstock.com | BlueguyThere are many multi-national franchises spread all over the world. However, it is not the expansion that has defined their success but rather their ability to innovate and adapt. This article talks  of 1) top 10 leading and innovative Franchises, followed by 2) how to make your franchise successful and 3) the characteristics of successful franchises.TOP 10 LEADING INNOVATIVE FRANCHISES1. Anytime FitnessAround 50.2 million people in America registered to fitness centers this year, based on the Worldwide Health, Racquet Sports Club Association. At present, approximately 1.9 million are Anytime Fitness members and the number is increasing each year, currently with 2500 clubs all around the world.Founded: 2002Headquarters: Hastings, MinnesotaSales: $484 millionNumber of Employees: 166Business Model: Fitness centers for the general population, mainly the elite and the middle class. 2. Hampton HotelsInitially Hampton Hotels were part of a division of Holiday Inn, which was later acquired by Promus Hotel Corporation, a hotel chain based in Memphis, Tennessee. Hamptons opened its hotels in 14 states along with its setup in Russia, Poland, Romania and the Netherlands last year. All in all they have locations in Europe, India and North America and are further expanding globally.Founded: 1983Headquarters: McLean, VirginiaSales: Not AvailableNumber of Employees: Not AvailableBusiness Model: The go-to Hotel targeting the elite population of the city. Therefore the price range is also a little expensive.3. SubwaySubway is a franchise of an American fast food restaurant. Its main USP is submarine sandwiches and salads. Last year in 2013, it introduced several key events. Most significant was in August when the sandwich tower crossed the 40,000-store mark, making it the biggest restaurant chain on the planet. Owned and managed by Doctors Associates, it is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world. Subway has its international head offic es in Connecticut and Milford, and five regional centers that assist in international operations. Furthermore, worldwide growth saw a better growth compared to United Sates sales by adding 1,600-plus locations last year, tapping Djibouti, Kenya, and Estonia for the first time.Founded: 1965Headquarters: Milford, ConnecticutSales: $18.8 billionNumber of Employees: Not AvailableBusiness Model: Providing fast food to the general population, creating a niche with its healthy lifestyle approach.4. SupercutsSupercuts, a franchise in hair salon has more than 2,000 locations all across the US. The salon was founded in San Francisco Bay Area, by Frank E. Emmett and Geoffrey M. Rappaport. The first salon location that still exists is in California. It is owned completely by a subsidiary of Regis. Its franchise locations in the United Kingdom are also owned by Regis.Founded: 1975Headquarters: Minneapolis, MinnesotaSales: Not availableNumber of Employees: Not AvailableBusiness Model: Supercuts p rovides affordable hair cuts.5. Jimmy Johns Gourmet SandwichesIt is a franchised sandwich eatery chain founded by Jimmy John Liautaud, specializing in delivery services. The company has expanded to over 2,000 locations over the last 30 years in around 43 countries. Moreover, the company has been opening just about 200 units every year for the past three consecutive years. However, 98 percent of the restaurants are franchise-owned as of 2013.Founded: 1983Headquarters: Illinois, USASales: Not AvailableNumber of Employees: Not AvailableBusiness Model: Jimmy John’s Gourmet Sandwiches targets the masses at large.6. 7-ElevenIt has more than 51,000 stores around the world and 10,200 in the United States. But you will find plenty of them. In the past several years 7-Eleven has become more than a cultural convenience shop. It offers hot-food menu, a low-cost lunch while keeping branded products inexpensive. It has managed to do so because of its considerable buying power that made the stor e into a quick shop stop.Founded: 1927Headquarters: Dallas, TexasSales: $84.8 billion (Estimated 2009)Number of Employees: 45,000 (2010 NA)Business Model: It targets the masses due to its low pricing strategy.7. ServproServpro is a 45-year-old organization using more than 1,600 models within the United States of America, as well as Canada, because of which it is among the biggest restoration companies in the United States. Coming to maturity means for Servpro that it may be able to achieve more than its rivals, like responding simultaneously to a large group of clients with major problems. For example, last year Servpros Storm Team had dispatched 100s of deck hands to Colorado which was then a difficult area as it suffered flooding in September. While in June, Canada and Alberta went through a disastrous torrent.Founded: 1967Headquarters: Gallatin, TennesseeSales: Not AvailableNumber of Employees: 350 (Corporate), 1600 FranchisesBusiness Model: It caters to the mass population. Due to the company’s age, it has a niche of its own so that its prices are also high.8. DennysIt might call itself Americas diner, However, Dennys is becoming the most preferred hangout for the whole Western Hemisphere. This past year, the chain that has approximately 1,700 models, made its first transfer to South America by setting up a bistro in Santiago, Chile with plans of ten more within the next fifteen years. That contributes to units in Canada, the Caribbean, Central America, New Zealand and Mexico.Founded: 1953Headquarters: Spartanburg, South Carolina.Sales: $2.5 billion (2013)Number of Employees: Around 8,250Business Model: Denny’s provides reasonably prived American food.9. Pizza HutIn the last decade, Pizza Hut has gained a status of a researcher, experimenting with stuffed crusts amongst other things. On its 55th anniversary in the year 2013, the organization experienced one of its most creative years yet, starting Crazy Cheesy Crust, Firebaked-Style Flatbreads, Large P izza Slider and three-Cheese Stuffed Crust pizzas. However, it further added more than hundreds of domestic stores last year, getting its fleet to approximately 8,000 franchise units in the United States.Founded: 1958Headquarters: Plano, TexasSales: Not AvailableNumber of Employees: More than 160,000Business Model: Affordable American food for the masses.10. Dunkin DonutsDunkin Donuts made its name with people who are early risers and is symbolized by the time to help make the inflatable donuts” man. After functioning for more than six decades, Dunkin Inflatable donuts is marketing itself as right for all occasions and for all customers; from individuals searching for a fast sugary treat or coffee for individuals who wish to relax abroad having a healthy snack.Founded:1950Headquarters: Canton, MassachusettsSales: $6.9 billion USD (estimated 2012)Number of Employees: More than 1100 permanent employees in HeadquarterBusiness Model: With its ready to go products, it has found loyal c ustomers.HOW TO MAKE YOUR FRANCHISE SUCCESSFUL?So why do few franchises thrive while others close down? At times the concept of a franchise or the franchise location tells the success story, but mainly it is related to the franchisee. Read on for tips to improve your odds for a successful franchise.1. Choose the best business for youFranchisees with prior relevant experience tend to run a business far better than individuals who arent within their element. How can you be sure that the franchise you’re purchasing fits your skill-set? It’s simple: brainstorm what you love to do the most. For instance, if you like kids, look for a franchise that enables you to utilize these emotions. Should you like technology, look for a pc-related franchise idea. Do not just consider the service or product, but what your day to day routine is going to be. You might enjoy cooking but possessing a cafe or restaurant is not going to be about only food. Actually, most of your tasks call for controlli ng, employing, training and firing staff.Additionally, make sure your expertise matches exactly what the franchise will need from you.2. Improve your business skillsWhile franchisors will acquaint you with their system that will help you develop an effective outlet, most also require that you bring some fundamental business abilities to the table. Should you not know accounting basics, how can you read and understand financial documents or know when to employ and dismiss employees?In case your sales abilities are rusty, your understanding of economic taxation is a little shaky or you arent updated enough about internet marketing, consider going for a class to enhance your abilities. Continuously strive to expand your knowledge. These courses are frequently offered at nearby colleges/institutes and you will also find one-day workshops and online seminars (Internet-based workshops) that take a shorter period of time and less financial investment.3. Follow the systemOne of the reasons you select a specific franchise is because it features an effective system which attracts you. To be able to be effective, you need to discover the method. Don’t simply ‘get by’ through your early training but rather absorb everything that was conveyed within this training period. Make it a point to frequently browse the manuals. Ignore when other franchisees try to convince you that there is a better option compared to the one you have selected, a tried-and-tested system.When you apply changes yourself you place your franchise in danger or encounter unforeseen effects the franchisor has already expected. It is best to follow the system laid out for you.4. Have a Business planThe idea of assembling a strategic business plan may be intimidating for a franchising novice but it doesn’t have to be. It may be as easy as setting a few objectives and laying out a financial plan for the following year. If there is more doubt, request you franchisor for advice on how to move forward. 5. Take controlBenefits gained from a franchise are usually in terms of the support a franchisor can offer. However, the failure or success of the franchise is basically under your control. Your franchisor will instruct you and provide you with the various tools to construct a company-but you will still be handling it by yourself. Operation of day-to-day procedures of the outlet is naturally your responsibility. You are however, able to call the franchisor for queries but despite that choices and decisions ultimately belong to you. Embrace and revel in this freedom as it is an advantageous part of entrepreneurship.6. Avoid credit cardsThe unbelievably high rates on credit cards can gradually eat away your income and result in anxiety. To raise the required financing can be challenging, although not impossible. Be sure that you have ample cash before you decide to launch your company, and look for immediate financing if you notice a recession in your business ahead.7. Learn about you r industryWhen your franchise is ready to go, learn just as much you are able to regarding your new industry. Nearly each sector has associations and conferences where business proprietors assemble and share ideas. Other franchisees may also share knowledge of your industry and a  unique perspective.8. Never stop marketingLike a franchisee, your work may be the marketing and advertising of your products or services. Don’t let your franchisor be the one to remind you to begin marketing, evaluate the potency of both ways and share effective techniques together with your associate franchisees. If you are busy focusing managerial work over a marketing plan, youre restricting your ability to succeed.9. Should you find that you can’t sell, bring in help who willTo put it simply, many people don’t like marketing. They simply aren’t happy about picking up the telephone. But marketing and sales are an unavoidable part of just about any business. Should you not feel at ease handling this, you have to hire a company to do this job for you.TOP CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL FRANCHISEESRisk aversionAccording to many people to be successful as a franchiser you must know how to gamble. Those who have been successful in this business are risk averse. There is always a possibility for a start-up business to face some kind of failure, but a strong franchise has minimal risk. To be successful franchisees you must know what you are getting into and be prepared for it.System orientationEntrepreneurs have an out of control urge to re-invent the entire system since they are confident enough about their abilities to find out the way things should be carried out in order to maximize results. On the other hand, successful franchisees prefer proven systems rather than trying out untried approaches. They need a system of operation that could indicate the best possible method to do anything linked with the business. They are eager enough to learn from other associates in order to avoid mistakes and be more successful.Hard-work affinityTo be successful franchisees you must have the willingness to get the job done through hard work and innovative solutions. This could mean long hours and carrying out multiple tasks at the same time. Irrespective of the franchise you want, it will require a lot of work and patience to make it a success.Strong people skillsThose who have been successful franchisees always have outstanding interpersonal skills and have the ability to effectively communicate with both employees and clients. They apply these skills to create an atmosphere of loyalty, faith and value.Successful franchisees seek opportunities to observe others in their franchise system. They know that that they can’t come up with every answer so asking for assistance and helpful criticism is better. Moreover, with innovation, diligence and the right strategy, one can pave the way for success in a franchise business.Infographic by chander.shekhar.

The Renaissance And A Literal Translation Means Rebirth Essay

The term Renaissance in a literal translation means rebirth. Fitting as the Renaissance was a cultural and academic movement emphasizing the rediscover of texts and philosophy from the ancient Greek and Roman empires. While no one date marks the absolute beginning or end of the Renaissance, it is generally agreed to have been birthed by a gradual influx of ideas, pushed along with Johannes Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press in 1436. The 1400’s is characterized by a resurgence of knowledge based on classical Latin literature, traced to Francesco Petrarch and the rise of humanist understanding. The new thinking associated with the Renaissance and humanist movement brought out many classic writers such as Thomas More and Lorenzo Valla to discuss the topic of free will. Followed with the combination of the newfound humanist thinking, along with social commentaries, allowed for religious figures such as Martin Luther to lead the Protestant reformation, encountering distaste in the current state of the Catholic community he decided to create a new, less corrupt religion. The skeptic aspect of humanism allowed for discussion on analysis of critical tenets of Christianity such as free will, ultimately leading to Luther’s reformation of the Catholic Church. The first substantial movement in the Renaissance was the humanist movement led by Francesco Petrarch that began in the early 1400’s. Throughout the Middle Ages little was taught and that of which was taught emphasized

Diversity Paper - 1117 Words

Diversity Behavior is best defined as the unique behaviors, emotions and thought processes of an individual including the way that he or she interacts with others. While much of behavior may be thought to be innate, there are also external factors that can impact an individuals behavior. These factors have diversity and demographic characteristics; four of these factors will be discussed in this paper and the impact each has on individuals will be shown. Religion, personality traits, age and gender are thought to have the greatest impacts and therefore providing the best opportunity for discussion. Religion Since the beginning of documented history individuals have held strong to their religious beliefs and the right to†¦show more content†¦While these particular customs may not cause any major conflicts, those that practice them may become the source of ridicule or even forced to live in separate communities where they can practice freely. Personality Traits Personality can be defined as patterns of a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors in various situations. In its most basic form personality is attitude, values and interests. Personality traits can also be known as behavioral differences. Understanding and appreciating the diverse personalities of others can help people to interact and know why one person might act or respond in a certain way. This appreciation of personality diversity gives respect to the quirks and differences of individuals therefore respecting these differences as strengths. A persons personality traits develop for various reasons. These reasons can stem from the interactions of an individual with the environment along with biological influences. These environmental influences can be living during segregated times, being reared in a single-parent family along with living in a household with an income below the poverty level. Each of these environmental influences could lead an indivi dual to harbor negative feelings for those of other races or feel a sense of longing to fit in. Having a group consisting of individuals from diverse backgrounds workingShow MoreRelatedDiversity and Inclusion Paper1085 Words   |  5 PagesThinking About Diversity and Inclusion Paper SOC/315 December 15, 2010 Professor Dr. Lorthridge Introduction This paper will discuss and focus on the four dimensions of diversity: ethnicity, gender, differences in skills, abilities and personality traits and how they have an impact in my workplace. To be able to go further in this paper one should understand the definition of diversity. 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Deviance in Society Free Essays

The study of sociology demystifies that what is considered deviant behavior in one society may not qualify to be deviant in another. A number of other factors determine the qualification of this definition of deviance. For instance, deviant behaviors or acts may be classified as truly deviant depending on the condition in which they occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Deviance in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, behaviors or acts can be tagged ‘deviant’ depending on the historical era. This implies that, from one historical time to another, some behaviors or acts universally known to be deviant behaviors are likely to change their status definitions to be ‘not deviant’ as what we can learn from Rosenhan (1973) and Eqbar (1998). This paper takes a critical look at the varying definitions of deviance in different circumstances presented by both Eqbar and Rosenhan. Sociological Approach to Deviance (Eqbar (1998) and Rosenhan (1973) Both Eqbar and Rosenhan share the same approach in defining deviance and agree that it is rather a complicated issue that needs to be understood. Eqbar attempts to explain deviance from the most complex issue of terrorism and carefully unfolds historical stories to at least come up with some imagery explanation. Eqbar explains that terrorism which is a serous matter in the world today which is ever changing begs more attention from world leaders to accurately mark on its causes and the remedial actions (Eqbar, 1998). On the other hand, the issue of proliferation of mental hospitals is an issue of importance to Rosenhan which deserves much attention. Similar to Eqbar, Rosenhan is caught in dilemma in identifying accurately who is sane and who is insane in psychiatric environment and ends up referring himself a ‘pseudopatient’ (Rosenhan, 1973) Eqbar’s Approach to Deviance The sociological interpretations have used history as a tool to understand how deviance can change with time. One of the most relevant is examples is presented by Eqbar (1998). Ahmad Eqbar while delivering a presentation at the University of Colorado in October 12th, 1998, identified how the West perceived Yasir Arafat and how this perception faded with time and almost disappeared. Between 1969 and1990 the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was the centerpiece for all terrorist activities and Arafat was time and again described by the Western media as the â€Å"Chief of Terrorism† particularly by the New York Times William Safire (Eqbar, 1998). Earlier in 1930s and 1940s, the same description was coined to the Jewish underground living in Palestine. However, things changed and the image was turned inside out! Eqbar (1998) noticed a unique marriage between the West and Arafat when he saw a picture of the leaders Arafat, Bill Clinton and the Israeli’s Prime Minster, Benjamin Netan seated together on the September 29th, 1998. Arafat who was frequently known as a man of the guns and an enemy to the Western people was at this moment branded a new image. This example as observed by Eqbar clearly indicates that the labeling of objects or personalities as deviant tends to change with history. Yet another shocking experience Eqbar writes about is the time when President Ronald Reagan, from the West, warmly received a group of men from the East in the White House. In his speech, President Reagan in 1985 referred the bearded men as the Afghan Mujahiddin who acted as the â€Å"moral equivalent of America’s founding fathers† (Eqbar, 1998). A rather controversial reminder is the one time peaceful relationship that existed between the al-Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden and Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. Bin Laden who after the September 11 attach was expected to be killed was a moral equivalent of the two leaders (Eqbar, 1998) but was demoted and got angrier to revenge in all ways. According to Eqbar (1998), deviance is seen to change with time as he draws an example of terrorism. Bin Laden, who was once the moral equivalent to Jefferson and Washington became a dangerous terrorist after his status demotion. In this perspective, Eqbar tries to explain that terrorism, which is a deviant behavior, tends to change with time such that today’s hero is tomorrow’s terrorist and today’s terrorist is tomorrow’s hero (Eqbar, 1998). Rosenhan’s Approach to Deviance Another sociological approach to deviance can be seen in the works of Rosenhan (1973). Rosenhan takes us to the sociological environment of a psychiatric hospital where he finds himself in a state of dilemma to differentiate sane people from the insane. He blames factors such as depersonalization, powerlessness, mortification, segregation as well as self-labeling in playing critical roles in counter-therapeutics. In psychiatric hospitals, it emerges to be a challenge to make distinctions between the sane and the insane. The meaning of behavior in the hospital environment can easily be construed. Rosenhan (1973) takes us through some of the conditions that totally change the true meaning of sanity in hospital environment and we can make an extrapolation to one of the sociological understanding that deviance is relative to the prevailing conditions. The conditions in hospital environment such segregation, depersonalization, self-labeling and mortification which are always crafted in larger part construe the meaning of sanity. Dealing with Deviance in the Society Important insights can be obtained from the two approaches and definitions of deviance. The two definitions, Ember’s and Rosenhan’s can be intermarried to help solve crimes such as terrorism, rape, drug abuse, felony and murder which have become a challenge in the society. There seems to be different approaches how people view both issues of terrorism and sanity. Understanding the approaches drawn by Eqbar and Rosenhan will help appreciate these differences and deal with crime in the society. Deviance changes with time as Eqbar draws it from the observation of Osama Bin Laden who was once a friend to the western and later become the worst enemy. Equally, the change of deviance is drawn by Eqbar in the case of Arafat who was once an enemy to the West but later a friend. While Rosenhan does not provide a straightforward definition on how to differentiate sanity from insanity in hospital environments, he admits that the psychiatric hospital provides a unique environment that makes the definition of sanity to surface. Rosenhan (1973) identifies the existence of hospital conditions such as depersonalization, powerlessness, mortification, segregation as well as self-labeling to play a critical role in counter-therapeutics. The issue of proliferation of mental facilities in communities is the aim of Rosenhan’s approach. Using Rosenhan’s approach will ease the pressure in these facilities as the accurate psychiatric labels will be used in admitting individuals in psychiatric community facilities (Rosenhan, 1973). Another issue that might be solved from Rosenhan’s approach is the need to increase the manner how mental health workers should be sensitive to the position of psychiatric patients in Catch 22 and increase research into psychiatry. This is because to other people, one can be tagged insane while to others ‘sane’. This is similar to what Eqbar observed in the issue of terrorism. Together, these approaches can be applied in understanding and reducing deviance in the society. References: Eqbar, A. (1998). Terrorism: theirs and ours. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/terrorism-theirs-and-ours/ Rosenhan, D.L (1973). On being sane in insane places. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://psychrights.org/articles/rosenham.htm How to cite Deviance in Society, Papers

Vigee Le Brun Essays (1335 words) - Louise Lisabeth Vige Le Brun

Vigee Le Brun Elizabeth-Louise Vigee-Le Brun: An Exceptional Woman of the Eighteenth Century HUM 2234, E001 & E005 Ms. Schwam February 24, 2000 Research Paper Elizabeth-Louise Vigee-Le Brun is noted as a very prominent woman/artist in the World of the Eighteenth Century art. She is known for her work as a portrait painter. Her most famous works are included in the series that she had painted at age twenty-four of Queen Marie-Antoinette. Vigee-Le Brun was a woman of so many talents. Before she died at eighty-seven years old, she was an accomplished artist, exceptional musician, and a loving mother to her daughter Julie. Vigee-Le Brun was an unusually unattractive woman. She was charming and self-confident with an ability to present her sitters' personas most advantageously. Vigee-Le Brun was very reputable because she managed to keep her head and professional reputation in a time of political upheaval. (French Revolution). This allowed her to gain fame in France, Italy, Austria, and Russia. Vigee-Le Brun was such an endowed artist that by the age of fifteen she could have supported herself and her family, if her funds weren't taken away from her by her stepfather and unruly husband. Just nine years later she began her most famous portrait series of Marie-Antoinette. This series included Marie-Antoinette and her children at Versailles -1788, (shown below) the last portrait of thirty that Vigee-Le Brun painted of the doomed queen. This painting still hangs at Versailles. Louis XVI said to Vigee-Le Brun, I have no knowledge of painting, but you make me fond of it. (Levey 280). Notice the painting shown on the pervious page. Vigee-Le Brun was a painter of the Rococo period. Rococo is best described as an eighteenth century art style that placed emphasis on portraying the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on grand heroes or pious martyrs. Love and romance were considered to be better subjects for art than historical or religious subjects. The style was characterized by a free, graceful movement; a playful use of line; and delicate colors. This is represented it the work Marie-Antoinette and her children at Versailles -1788. To describe the work in great detail you must first look at Marie-Antoinette. Her complexion is very fair and she is portrayed as an extremely feminine woman. Her femininity is also shown by her dress. The dress is a rich, red color with a low neckline, and surrounded by lace and ribbons. This could represent a life-line between Marie-Antoinette and the youngest of her children because the baby boy is holding on to it for support. All babies need to feel this closeness with their mothers. Vigee-Le Brun could have used that to show Marie-Antoinette as a good motherly figure to the other mothers whom would have seen this work. Another symbol of her motherliness is shown because she is holding her children next to what could be the bed of one of the children, most likely the baby's crib. The dress is harboring a skirt that is more than enough trouble for Marie-Antoinette to handle in one day. This gown is a representation of the aristocracy and of a woman's power. She is wearing a large, matching hat with overbearing feathers. This is also a representation of power. The hat is a frequent characteristic in the series of Marie-Antoinette. Another characteristic of the series is shown by Marie-Antoinette's legs and feet being rested upon a very decorated pillow. This could show that she was of the aristocracy and her feet should be above the dirt on the floor. Now we move on to the children in the painting. They are all wearing fancy clothes, just as children of the aristocracy would. The oldest child is looking up with a gaze in her eyes of admiration for her mother. She looks as if she is being shown as a young Marie-Antoinette. The young girl's dress is also like that of her mother's. It too, is a deep red color with a small outline of lace and ribbon around the neck. The dress has an added bow around the waist. This is done to show the dress as a dress of less maturity. The daughter does look like a young version of her mother, yes; but she can